|
''Nobile'' Maria Letizia Buonaparte ''née'' Ramolino〔Bourrienne's biography of Napoleon misspells the surname as Ramolin''i''〕 (Marie-Lætitia Ramolino, Madame Mère de l'Empereur) (24 August 1750 – 2 February 1836) was the mother of Napoleon I of France. She was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, Republic of Genoa, to ''Nobile'' Giovanni Geronimo Ramolino (13 April 1723 – 1755), Captain of Corse Regiments of Chivalry and Infantry in the Army of the Republic of Genoa, and wife ''Nobile'' Angela Maria Pietrasanta (circa 1725–1790). The distant cousins of the Ramolinos were a low rank of nobility in the Republic of Genoa. Letizia was not formally educated. After the death of her father, her mother remarried to the Swiss-born noble naval officer Franz Fesch, a captain in the service of the Republic of Genoa stationed at Corsica, and gave birth to two children, among them her half-brother Joseph Fesch. On 2/7 June 1764, when she was 13, she married attorney Carlo Buonaparte at Ajaccio. She bore 13 children, eight of whom survived infancy,〔(''Maria Letizia Ramolino 1750-1836'' in: geneagraphie.com ) (10 November 2014 ).〕 and most of whom were created monarchs by Napoleon: * Napoleone Buonaparte (born and died 17 August 1765). * Maria Anna Buonaparte (3 January 1767 – 1 January 1768). * Joseph Bonaparte (7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844) King of Naples and Sicily, King of Spain and the Indies, and Comte de Survilliers, he married on 1 August 1794 Marie Julie Clary . * Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), namesake of his deceased older brother and Emperor of the French, he married on 9 March 1796 to Joséphine de Beauharnais and secondly on 1 April 1810 to Marie Louise, Archduchess of Austria. * Maria Anna Buonaparte (born and died 1770), namesake of her deceased older sister. * Maria Anna Buonaparte (14 July 1771 – 23 November 1771), namesake of her deceased older sisters. * A stillborn son (1773). * Lucien Bonaparte (21 March 1775 – 29 June 1840), Prince of Canino and Musignano, married on 5 May 1794 to Christine Boyer and secondly on 26 October 1803 to Alexandrine de Bleschamp, widow of Hippolyte Jouberthon, known as "Madame Jouberthon". * Maria Anna (Elisa) Bonaparte (3 January 1777 – 7 August 1820), namesake of her deceased older sisters, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, married on 5 May 1797 to Felice Pasquale Baciocchi, named Prince of Lucca. * Louis Bonaparte (2 September 1778 – 25 July 1846), King of Holland, married on 4 January 1802, to Hortense de Beauharnais. * Pauline Bonaparte (20 October 1780 – 9 June 1825), Sovereign Princess and Duchess of Guastalla, married 5 May 1797 to Victor-Emmanuel Leclerc and secondly married on 28 August 1803 Camillo Borghese, 6th Prince of Sulmona. * Caroline Bonaparte (25 March 1782 – 18 May 1839), Grand Duchess of Berg and Cleves, wife of Joachim Murat, later queen consort of Naples * Jérôme Bonaparte (15 November 1784 – 24 June 1860), King of Westphalia, married on December 24, 1803 to Elizabeth Patterson and secondly on 22 August 1807 to princess Catharina of Württemberg. She was a harsh mother, and had a very down-to-earth view of most things. When most European mothers bathed children perhaps once a month, she had her children bathed every other day. Letizia spoke Italian and Corsican and never learned French. When she was 35, her husband died of cancer. She was decreed "Madam, the Mother of His Majesty the Emperor" (''Madame Mère de l'Empereur''), Imperial Highness, on 18 May 1804 or 23 March 1805. Napoleon paid her 25,000 francs a month.〔Philip Dwyer, ''Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power'' (2013) p 135〕 In 1814 she shared Napoleon's exile in Elba, where he treated her fondly.〔Dwyer, ''Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power'' (2013) pp 510-11〕 After 1815 she moved to Rome, in Palazzo D'Aste-Bonaparte in piazza Venezia, where she lived out her days with her younger brother Joseph Fesch. She died of old age in 1836, aged 85, three weeks before the 50th anniversary of her husband's death. By then she was nearly blind and had outlived her most famous son Napoleon by 15 years. During her years in Rome, she rarely saw any other family members than her brother, who rarely left her.〔Michel Lévy, Dictionnaire de la conversation et de la lecture, Vol. 3, p. 409, 1852〕 ==See also== *François Carlo Antommarchi 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Letizia Ramolino」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|